Kerangka evaluasi situs web perguruan tinggi

Kehadiran situs web sebagai representasi di dunia maya saat ini merupakan satu hal yang sangat penting. Situs web merupakan gerbang pertama menemukan dan mengenal suatu organisasi di lingkungan dunia maya. banyak pihak yang mengandalkan ketersediaan situs ini untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai organisasi tersebut. Perguruan tinggi, sebagai sebuah organisasi yang bergerak dalam sektor layanan terhadap publik/masyarakat juga diharapkan oleh banyak pihak memiliki sebuah situs web yang representatif dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan informasi khalayak, baik dari akademisi maupun masyarakat luas.

Evaluasi dalam bentuk apapun , memerlukan kerangka pemikiran dan implementasi, yang meliputi aspek penilaian, dasar penentuan kriteria evaluasi, penyusunan kriteria yang lebih rinci dan strategi implementasinya. Dalam tulisan ini akan diajukan satu kerangka evaluasi umum terhadap situs web yang disusun berdasarkan studi literatur terhadap beberapa contoh model evaluasi terhadap situs web dari berbagai organisasi/institusi yang pernah dipublikasikan. berbagai model evaluasi situs web tersebut kemudian dicoba dirangkum dan dipetakan berdasarkan sudut pandang pengguna/pengunjung web(web surfer), pengelola situs web (web owner), dan pengembang situs (web developer). Pemetaan terhadap tiga sudut pandang

Pengukuran website e-government

Terdapat beberapa faktor untuk mengukur website, diantaranya :

1. Desain tampilan terdiri namadomain yang mudah diingat, tampilan keseluruhan dan aktivasi domain

2. Isi

• Fasilitas e-mail, forum, dialog form, pencari link dan transaksi
• Layanan publik/eksternal meliputi informasi publik, forum, pengaduan dan e-mail
• Layanan pemerintah/internal meliputi e-mail internal, data pegawai, link ke lembaga pemerintah lain
• Kesesuaian isi dengan visi misi lembaga
• Updating data dan informasi  atau berita

Kajian awal terhadap e-Government di Indonesia

Selama ini pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan sistem dan proses kerja yang dilandaskan pada tatanan birokrasi yang kaku. Sistem dan proses kerja semacam itu tidak mungkin menjawab perubahan yang komples dan dinamis, serta perlu ditanggapi secara cepat. Oleh karena itu pemerintah harus mengembangkan sistem dan proses kerja yang lebih fleksibel untuk memfasilitasi berbagai bentuk interaksi yang kompleks dengan lembaga-lembaga negara lain, masyarakat, dunia usaha dan masyarakat internasional. Dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengolah, mengelola , menyalurkan serta mendistribusikan informasi dan pelayanan publik. Untuk mewujudkan terciptanya sistem informasi nasional yang terintegrasi dan dapat menunjang pengelolaan negara diperlukan kesiapan infrastruktur aplikasi atau aplikasi e-government.

Dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir, lembaga/instansi Pemerintah Daerah (Pemda) yang memiliki situs web sebagai salah satu bentuk layanan masyarakat atau telah melaksanakan Inpres No 3 tahun 2003 masih rendah. Hal ini terlihat dari sedikitnya jumlah lembaga/instansi Pemda yang memiliki situs web. Berdasarkan data Depkominfo dari 471 pemda yang memiliki situs web hanya 226 pemda atau 48% . Dari jumlah ersebut , 198 situs (42%) yang dikelola secara aktif. untuk menguji kinerja website e-government yang dikelola instansi Pemda dalam memberikan pelayanan publik, maka perlu dilakukan evvaluasi website e-government di lingkungan instansi pemda.

Critical Success Factors for Effective IT Leadership

The growth of the Information Technology (IT) industry has placed unique challenges on IT professionals. In addition to this, the explosive growth of IT has created many expectations in numerous organisations for IT to be the one-stop solution and miracle ‘saviour’ to any business problem. This has increased the pressure on IT professionals and executives to deliver on often unrealistic expectations and promises. A proposition is put forward by McKeen and Smith (2003:295) who state that despite the increasing importance of IT products and systems within organisations, there is still a great lack of representation or understanding of IT within the executive and boards of most organisations. The lack of support for IT in organisations, coupled with the complexity and pressure of the environment surrounding IT, has led to an increasing outcry for strong and effective leadership within IT. Many researchers, including Tae-In Fom (2003:3291) have found that the only way for the IT industry to counter the negative factors faced by IT professionals is to develop strong leadership within the professionals. In order for IT professionals to succeed in developing systems that create value and that correctly identify and address the business needs of the firms that they work for, they require knowledge and experience of effective leadership skills.
This research explores the definitions and Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that influence the effectiveness of general leadership and IT leadership in particular. The research further analyses the impact that effective IT has on the IT department and on organisational success, and a relationship between them was found. The research also investigates what competencies are required of IT professionals in order for them to be effective IT leaders. Finally, these Critical Success Factors were integrated into a framework that can be used to develop effective IT leaders.
The research is conducted using a qualitative approach through the review of various existing literature covering the topics of leadership and IT leadership. A comparison and analysis of current models culminated in the proposal of two new unique models displaying the CSFs of effective IT leadership within the operational, tactical and strategic levels of the business.
The proposed models suggest that a leader needs to shift his/her skills and focus within each of the business levels, from the teams’ skills, to individual skills and ambition or drive of the firm respectively.

Citizens4Citizens: Mapping Participatory Practices on the Internet

Many important forms of public participation take place in interactions between citizens. Studying these interactions is crucial for understanding e-governance, defined as steering in the public domain. The new forms of public participations can be labeled Citizens2Citizens interactions (C2C). Citizens use the Internet to facilitate policy participation (meant to support or undermine government policies), political participation (directed at influencing political decision-making and agenda-setting) and social participation (to increase social capital). Attention for these forms of digital participation coincides with the rise of a new set of Web applications which are grouped under the label ‘Web 2.0’. This paper is an attempt to conceptualize and categorize the wide variety of types and forms of C2C to provide a basis for a further development of this new research field. We do not claim that our exploration will lead to a final and complete description of C2C; we merely aim to present an overview of the diversity of forms of C2C initiatives that are taking place in the digital world. The argument we are putting forward is that new technologies offer new venues for participating and that these new practices will constitute both a replication of and an addition to existing offline practices of public participation. Our explorative research of C2C initiatives results in a map of political, policy and social participation. This map of C2C initiatives can provide insights in the variety of Internet practices and help subsequent researches in their selection of initiatives for in-depth studies. Additionally, our research results in an exploration of the implications the analyzed initiatives can have for participation in the public sector.

Factors Influencing Government Employee Performance via Information Systems Use: an Empirical Study

Based on the task-to-performance chain, this study seeks to investigate the implications and consequences of government employee performance via information systems. Data was collected from 847 employees of the Taipei City government through the stratified proportion sampling method. In addition, the multiple regression method is used to investigate factors that influence employee performance. The results indicate that three factors affect performance: task-technology fit, computer self-efficacy, and utilization. Utilization was found to have the greatest positive effect on performance. In addition to verifying prior empirical findings, this study presents factors that influence employee performance and information systems development work in the context of e-government

e-Government Implementation and Leadership – the Brunei Case Study

Governments around the world are deploying electronic (e) government so as to reap the benefits and the promise brought upon by the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The implementation of many e-government projects, however, seems to have failed to achieve its full potential due to the complex nature of e-government. It is now realized that ICT diffusion is much more than just technological adoption and adaption. Many soft issues exist, particularly one that deals with the human side of technological implementation. This paper examines the core factor of leadership, which according to the findings of this paper, is of paramount importance to the successful implementation of e-government. The implementation process of e-government in Brunei is first discussed and then analysed from the leadership’s perspectives. Case studies on the experiences of implementing e-government projects in all the ministries in Brunei were conducted. Interviews with key players from each ministry were also conducted. This paper shows that poor identification of a champion in e-government resulted in inertia in initiating the e-government, silos (compartmentalization) among the government agencies, duplication of projects, poor change management strategy, lack of incentives to take risk, and the emergence of rank and file rather than top-down innovation approach. Several key learning points on leadership have been proposed in this paper with regard to all the identified leadership issues in implementing e-government.

Measuring Users’ Satisfaction with Malaysia’s Electronic Government Systems

The research seeks to measure users’ satisfaction and identify the contributors of satisfaction. We used the end-user computing satisfaction (EUCS) model as the a priori model to measure internal end-users’ satisfaction with Malaysia’s electronic government systems. We gathered data from internal end-users at the level of officers and directors of Malaysia’s electronic government systems. Using the structural equation modeling approach, our results show that all five first-order factors, content, accuracy, timeliness, format and ease of use, explain the contributors of satisfaction. Further, our studies provide the evidence that in Malaysia’s electronic government context, end-users’ satisfaction priorities are timeliness, content and accuracy. This paper makes a significant contribution by applying the Information Systems body of knowledge to measure users’ satisfaction with Malaysia’s electronic government systems, test and validate the EUCS model in the context of Malaysia’s electronic government environment. The paper has enhanced our understanding of users’ demands for interactions with business, citizens and other government personnel in the Malaysian electronic government environment.